Comparison of Three Algaecides for Controlling the Density of Prymnesium parvum1

Rodgers, John H., Jr., Brenda M. Johnson, and West M. Bishop, 2010. Comparison of Three Algaecides for Controlling the Density of Prymnesium parvum. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(1):153-160. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00399.x Abstract: Prymnesium parvum has become more prevalent in water resources of the southern United States. As the potential impacts of P. parvum are relatively well known, especially its capability to severely affect fish, managers have sought efficacious, environmentally sound, and socially acceptable strategies for mitigating this noxious species. Laboratory testing was used to identify an effective algaecide for control of P. parvum from Texas, Arizona, Florida, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Cutrine^®-Plus at 0.2 mg Cu/l significantly decreased the density of P. parvum in samples from all of these locations. Both copper sulfate and Phycomycin^® were less effective for controlling the population growth of P. parvum. The predicted response from the laboratory study was confirmed in the field at the Arizona site. Strategic use of Cutrine^®-Plus in larger water resources could provide toxin-free refugia to allow some fish to survive and repopulate the water resource when the golden alga infestation abates.     

毛竹枯梢病病原菌毒素的生物测定及成分研究

毛竹枯梢病病原菌培养液的不同浓度粗提液对高粱胚根抑制率明显大于对胚芽抑制率,胚根对毒素的敏感性大于胚芽对毒素的敏感性;在121℃加热15分钟,胰蛋白酶处理2hr后,培养滤液对胚根和胚芽的抑制作用与对照比较无差异;培养滤液及粗提液经过透析后,毒性显著降低,并且透析后的培养滤液对胚根已无抑制作用;通过α-萘酚反应、班乃德反应和茚三酮反应等化学测定和薄层层析进一步分析表明毒素为一种分子量较小、且含有葡萄糖和果糖或两者其一的还原性多糖。     

T-2 toxin induces developmental toxicity and apoptosis in zebrafish embryos

T-2 toxin is one of the most important trichothecene mycotoxins occurring in various agriculture products. The developmental toxicity of T-2 toxin and the exact mechanism of action at early life stages are not understood precisely. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to different concentrations of the toxin at 4-6 hours post fertilization （hpf） stage of development, and were observed for different developmental toxic effects at 24, 48, 72, and 144 hpf. Exposure to 0.20 Ixmol/L or higher concentrations of T-2 toxin significantly increased the mortality and malformation rate such as tail deformities, cardiovascular defects and behavioral changes in early developmental stages of zebrafish. T-2 toxin exposure resulted in significant increases in reactive oxygen species （ROS） production and cell apoptosis, mainly in the tall areas, as revealed by Acridine Orange staining at 24 hpf. In addition, T-2 toxin-induced severe tail deformities could be attenuated by co-exposure to reduced glutathione （GSH）. T-2 toxin and GSH co-exposure induced a significant decrease of ROS production in the embryos. The overall results demonstrate that T-2 toxin is able to produce oxidative stress and induce apoptosis, which are involved in the developmental toxicity of T-2 toxin in zebrafish embryos.     

用于监测环境中酪氨酸酶抑制剂的植物组织电极

根据二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸盐、硫脲或苯甲酸等环境污染物质对蘑菇富含的酪氨酸酶所产生的抑制作用,研制了将蘑菇固定在碳糊而成的植物组织电极,用来有效地监测上述酪氨酸酶抑制剂．当存在酶的底物儿茶酚时,在该蘑菇组织电极上通过批量加入以及流动注射两种实验方式进行电流分析测定,结果表明这种生物传感器价廉、灵敏、快速、操作简易(无须温育)等,可用于现场环境监测 另外,还对申极制作条件诸如蘑菇用量及蘑菇切片部位等因素对电极行为的影响进行了研究．     

饮用水中藻毒污染与控制对策研究

对1994－1997年部分地区饮用水中藻毒素污染状况进行了调查研究，分析了水体中藻毒的来源，毒理及迁移转化的影响因素，并对水体藻毒素的控制及有关问题进行探讨，发现目前控制饮用水中藻毒素污染必须将水源与控制治理与净水工艺处理结合起来，优化水处理工艺和强化水源水体保护。     

中国虎纹捕鸟蛛神经毒素肽基因的克隆及在酵母中的表达

从中国珍稀毒蜘蛛种虎纹捕鸟蛛的粗毒中分离纯化的虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素-Ⅰ(HWTX-Ⅰ)是含33个氨基酸的多肽.有关实验已证实,HWTX-Ⅰ是一种作用于突触前膜的神经毒素和高阈值钙通道抑制剂,在电刺激时HWTX-Ⅰ也影响交感神经释放肾上腺素和迷走神经释放乙酰胆碱,这些结果表明,HWTX-Ⅰ具有潜在的镇痛活性.本文报道通过RT-PCR方法克隆、测定了HWTX-Ⅰ的cDNA序列.在此基础上,以pPIC9K为表达载体和GS115为宿主,筛选His Muts克隆,以甲醇为诱导剂,成功地构建并在毕赤酵母系统分泌表达HWTX-Ⅰ基因.进一步分析HWTX-Ⅰ表达产物,生物活性实验观察到酵母表达体系所获得的HWTX-Ⅰ产物具有与天然HWTX-Ⅰ相似的生理活性.图4参10     

饮用水中蓝藻毒素污染研究进展

日趋严重的水体富营养化已成为全球性的环境问题,藻类及藻毒素给传统净水工艺带来了诸多不利影响,增加了水处理难度.对饮用水中蓝藻毒素去除技术进行了具体的论述,系统分析了各种技术的去除效果和局限性,并对藻毒素研究前景进行了展望.     

海洋藻类毒素的生态毒理学研究

从生态毒理学角度介绍了麻痹性贝毒(PSP)、腹泻性贝毒(NSP)、神经性贝毒(NSP)、记忆缺失性贝毒(ASP)和西加鱼毒素等几种主要海洋藻类毒素的一些研究进展,包括毒素对人类及海洋生物的毒性、毒素在食物链中的积累和转移、毒素的致毒途径、海洋生物对毒素的回避和选择性取食等。这些毒素可通过食物链在贝类或其他海洋动物体内积累并浓缩放大,从而危及人类健康,有的毒素还能直接对海洋生物产生毒害作用,破坏海洋生态环境。文中同时也介绍了该领域研究工作在我国开展情况及今后的研究方向。     

小麦中T-2毒素酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)

T-2毒素是某些植物致病菌的次生代谢产物,尤其是由镰刀菌(Fusarium sp)引致的麦类、玉米等作物的赤霉病,菌体在一定条件下能产生大量的该类毒素.T-2毒素对人畜的毒性很大,同时,还与某些癌症的发病率有密切的关系.T-2毒素的检测方法,常用的有薄层层析法,气相、液相色谱法以及气-质联用等,这些方法,有的精确度